WillScot Mobile Mini Scores A Big Win With McGrath Acquisition – Merger Arbitrage Mondays

  • February 5, 2024

McGrath RentCorp (MGRC): $129.28

Market Cap: $3.03 billion

When a company announces a large all stock or stock plus cash acquisition, the stock of the acquiring company usually takes a small hit either because the acquirer is deworsifying (in Peter Lynch parlance), ends up with a leveraged balance sheet or because arbitrageurs could be shorting the stock.

In the case of WillScot Mobile Mini’s (WSC) $3.8 billion cash or stock acquisition of McGrath RentCorp (MGRC) that was hardly the case. In fact, WSC saw its stock price rise in the immediately aftermath, creating a negative spread on this “special conditions” deal. Before exploring the companies further, I have included a screenshot of the deal below and you can access all the details form our deal metrics page here.

McGrath RentCorp WillScot Mobile Mini Deal

McGrath RentCorp Business

McGrath RentCorp provides modular buildings (including its Kitchens to Go), portable storage, electronic test equipment segment (TRS-RenTelco), storage of hazardous and non-hazardous liquids and modular buildings used as classrooms.

McGrath RentCorp Overview

A third of rental operations revenue is education and 67% commercial. The TRS-RenTelco division rents out general purpose and communication test equipment. For the full year 2023 McGrath expected to report revenue of $820 million to $830 million and adjusted EBITDA of $312 million to $320 million.

The WillScot and McGrath businesses are highly complementary with the exception of TRS-RenTelco. The TRS-RenTelco division is growing slower, has lower gross margins and lower utilization compared to the mobile modular division. I would not be surprised if WillScot Mobile Mini decides to sell or spin-off that division post-acquisition.

McGrath and WillScot Mobile Mini Integrated

Regulatory Risk or Shareholder Approval

The deal will be reviewed by either the FTC or DOJ for anti-trust concerns and we will learn more once the proxy statement is filed. I did not see any other regulatory agencies mentioned in the merger agreement. WillScot had 100% financing commitment for the deal.

One possible concern is shareholders given the low 8.77% premium paid for McGrath and a valuation of 9.5 times expected 2024 adjusted EBITDA.

Considering the cash “or” stock nature of this deal, the deal value will change based on WillScot’s price and the election shareholders make when it comes time to elect one type of consideration or the other.

We will continue to monitor the deal to see if a situation like that of Broadcom’s acquisition of VMware arises where the big increase in Broadcom’s stock made the deal more interesting many months after it was announced. WillScot expects to close the deal by the second quarter of 2024 and the outside date for the merger is October 31, 2024.


Merger Arbitrage

Deal Statistics:

Total Number of Deals Closed in 202410
Total Number of Deals Not Completed in 20243
Total Number of Pending Deals
Cash Deals42
Stock Deals22
Stock & Cash Deals3
Special Conditions8
Total Number of Pending Deals75
New Deals Announced in 2024$95.05 billion

New Deals:

  1. MGRCThe acquisition of McGrath RentCorp (MGRC) by WillScot Mobile Mini Holdings (WSC) for a closing value of $3.8 billion. McGrath shareholders will receive for each of their shares either $123.00 in cash or 2.8211 shares of WillScot Mobile Mini common stock. 60% of McGrath’s outstanding shares will be converted into the cash consideration and 40% of McGrath’s outstanding shares will be converted into the stock consideration.
  2. SNCE: The acquisition of Science 37 Holdings (SNCE) by eMed for a negative closing value of -$33.40 million. Under the terms of the agreement, eMed, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, will commence a tender offer to acquire all outstanding shares of Science 37 common stock for $5.75 in cash per share.
  3. CALB: The merger of California BanCorp (CALB) and Southern California Bancorp (BCAL) in an all-stock merger of equals valued at $233.6 million.

Approvals:

  1. IMGN: On January 29, 2024, The German Federal Cartel Office approved the merger of ImmunoGen (IMGN) and AbbVie (ABBV).
  2. LBC: WaFd (WAFD), the parent of Washington Federal Bank and Luther Burbank Corporation (LBC) announced on January 30, 2024 that they received the required regulatory approvals from the FDIC, the Washington State Department of Financial Institutions and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
  3. AYX: Alteryx (AYX) by Clearlake Capital filed the requisite notification forms under the HSR Act with the FTC and the DOJ on December 29, 2023. The waiting period under the HSR Act expired on January 29, 2024. The companies also filed a draft Short Form CO notification to the European Commission on January 15, 2024.
  4. CNSL: Consolidated Communications (CNSL) announced that, based on the preliminary vote count, approximately 75% of shareholders voted to approve the proposed acquisition of the company by affiliates of Searchlight Capital Partners and British Columbia Investment Management Corporation.

Hurdles:

  1. OLK: The planned $3.1 billion (£2.43bn) acquisition of Olink Holding (OLK) by Thermo Fisher Scientific (TMO) is being investigated by the UK’s Competition and Markets Authority. The CMA is asking for comments on the proposed deal, which was announced in October 2023, ahead of it deciding whether to launch a formal investigation.
  2. SAVE: JetBlue Airways (JBLU) and Spirit Airlines (SAVE) are seeking an expedited appeal aimed at reversing a lower court ruling that blocked their $3.8 billion merger. The airlines, in a joint court filing, asked the First U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals to reverse the decision that they argue “disregards the benefits of the transaction to the majority of the flying public.” The airlines said if the appeal is not expedited, the court may have no opportunity to review the decision because the merger agreement includes an outside closing date of July 24.
  3. SAVE: U.S. appeals court said it would hear arguments in June in a bid by JetBlue Airways (JBLU) and Spirit Airlines (SAVE) to overturn a judge’s ruling that blocked their $3.8 billion merger. Under the order issued on Friday, the companies’ initial brief would be due on February 26, 2024, with the Justice Department response set for April 11, 2024. The case would be fully briefed by April 25, 2024.

Updates:

  1. HOLI: Dazheng Group disclosed raised its offer for Hollysys from $29 to $29.50. Hollysys (HOLI) confirmed in a statement late Monday that it rejected Dazheng Group’s increased offer.
  2. HARP: Harpoon Therapeutics (HARP) and Merck & Co. (MRK) filed their respective HSR Act notifications on January 22, 2024. The waiting period under the HSR Act is set to expire on February 21, 2024.
  3. AMAM: Ambrx Biopharma (AMAM) and Johnson & Johnson (JNJ) filed a notification and report form under the HSR Act with the DOJ and the FTC on January 22, 2024. The required waiting period under the HSR Act for the Merger will expire on February 21, 2024.
  4. X: Japan’s three megabanks, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group and Mizuho Financial Group plan to lend Nippon Steel a combined $16 billion for its planned acquisition of U.S. Steel (X).
  5. HOLI: Hollysys Automation Technologies (HOLI) issued a letter to shareholders reiterating its support for the proposed acquisition by Ascendent Capital Partners at the upcoming extraordinary general meeting to be held on February 8, 2024. In the letter, the company addressed in detail its engagement with Dazheng and outlined why it believes Dazheng’s failure to demonstrate financing certainty presents material risks that outweigh the potentially higher price it has offered. An offer at a higher price that is not accompanied by credible financing is not a superior offer.
  6. HOLI: Dazheng Group reaffirms commitment to acquire Hollysys (HOLI) at $29.50 per share.
  7. CPE: According to the S-4 filing, on January 23, 2024, APA (APA) and Callon (CPEeach filed a notification and report form under the HSR Act with the DOJ and the FTC.
  8. SQNS: Renesas has extended the expiration date of its tender offer for proposed acquisition of Sequans (SQNS) from February 5, 2024 to February 20, 2024.
  9. PGTI: PGT Innovations (PGTI) by MITER Brands filed a Premerger Notification and Report Form under the HSR Act with the DOJ and the FTC on January 23, 2024. The required waiting period will expire on February 22, 2024.

Shareholders Meeting Schedule:

  1. AMAM: Ambrx Biopharma (AMAM) announced that the special meeting of shareholders will be held on March 6, 2024.
  2. MIXT: Powerfleet (PWFL) and MiX Telematics (MIXT) announced that their respective shareholders’ meetings will be held on February 28, 2024, to vote on the proposed business combination between the parties.
  3. TCN: Tricon International (TCN) announced that the special meeting of shareholders will be held on March 28, 2024.
  4. SIX: Six Flags (SIX) announced that the special meeting of shareholders will be held on March 12, 2024.

Terminated Deals

  1. IRBT: Amazon (AMZN) and iRobot (IRBT) announced that they have entered into a mutual agreement to terminate their previously announced acquisition agreement. Amazon’s proposed acquisition of iRobot has no path to regulatory approval in the European Union, preventing Amazon and iRobot from moving forward together. iRobot’s CEO Colin Angle resigns.  Glen Weinstein, iRobot’s Chief Legal Officer, has been appointed interim CEO.

Weekly Spread Changes:

The table below shows weekly spread changes between January 29, 2024, and February 2, 2024.

SymbolQuoteAcquiring
Company
Acquiring
Company Quote
Current
Spread
Last Week
Spread
Spread Change
Weekly
Deal
Type
BATL6.12Fury Resources, Inc. (N/A)60.13%46.49%13.64%All Cash
HMST13.275Firstsun Capital Bancorp. (FSUN)35.2515.38%4.00%11.38%All Stock
X45.85Nippon Steel (NISTF)24.1019.96%13.85%6.11%All Cash
HA14.005Alaska Air Group, Inc. (ALK)36.1328.53%22.62%5.91%All Cash
EAR2.635Patient Square Capital (N/A)-3.23%-6.59%3.36%All Cash
SIX25.86Cedar Fair, L.P. (FUN)40.94-8.18%-6.21%-1.97%All Stock
CCLP1.9Kodiak Gas Services (KGS)22.963.92%6.10%-2.18%All Stock
WRK38.83Smurfit Kappa (SMFTF)35.424.09%6.82%-2.73%Cash Plus Stock
MIXT9.34PowerFleet, Inc. (PWFL)3.1547.04%50.52%-3.48%All Stock
SAVE6.3JetBlue Airways Corporation (JBLU)5.73392.06%396.00%-3.94%All Cash

Top 10 Merger Arbitrage Deals With The Largest Spreads:

Please do your own due diligence on deals with large spreads. Some of these large spreads might be related to regulatory issues or because of the way the deal is structured. We classify some of these deals as “special situation” deals in our merger arbitrage tool and provide additional details to help with the analysis. There may be unique situations related to special dividends, spinoffs, proration, etc. that need to be accounted for when looking at these spreads.

SymbolAnnounced
Date
Acquiring
Company
Closing
Price
Last
Price
Closing
Date
ProfitAnnualized
Profit
SAVE07/28/2022JetBlue Airways Corporation (JBLU)$31.00$6.306/30/2024392.06%973.49%
BATL12/15/2023Fury Resources, Inc. (N/A)$9.80$6.1203/31/202460.13%391.92%
MIXT10/10/2023PowerFleet, Inc. (PWFL)$13.73$9.3403/31/202447.04%306.63%
GAN11/07/2023Sega Sammy Creation Inc. (N/A)$1.97$1.5312/31/202428.76%31.71%
HA12/03/2023Alaska Air Group, Inc. (ALK)$18.00$14.00506/30/202528.53%20.34%
ACI10/14/2022The Kroger Co. (KR)$27.25$21.3503/31/202427.63%180.12%
X12/18/2023Nippon Steel (NISTF)$55.00$45.8509/30/202419.96%30.48%
CPRI08/10/2023Tapestry, Inc. (TPR)$57.00$47.5706/30/202419.82%49.22%
ANSS01/16/2024Synopsys (SNPS)$387.47$335.1506/30/202515.61%11.13%
HMST01/16/2024Firstsun Capital Bancorp. (FSUN)$15.32$13.27506/30/202415.38%38.18%

Deals In The Works

  1. OSG: Overseas Shipholding Group (OSG), a leading provider of liquid bulk transportation services confirmed that OSG’s Board of Directors received an unsolicited non-binding indication of interest from Saltchuk Resources for $6.25 per share in cash.
  2. GMDA: Gamida Cell (GMDA) announced it is actively pursuing strategic alternatives to maximize value for all stakeholders, focusing on an asset sale, merger, or other strategic transaction.

Updates:

  1. PARA: According to Bloomberg, Media mogul Byron Allen has made a $14.3 billion offer to buy all of the outstanding shares of Paramount Global (PARA).
  2. WDS: According to Reuters, a large shareholder said Woodside (WDS) should walk away from its proposed $57 billion merger with Santos (STOSF) rather than pay a premium for its smaller rival.
  3. DOCU: According to Bloomberg, Several Wall Street banks including JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Bank of America Corp. have held talks to provide as much as $8 billion in financing for a buyout of DocuSign (DOCU) that values the company at around $13 billion. Jefferies Financial Group Inc. and Deutsche Bank AG are also among the lenders considering a role in funding what would be the largest leveraged buyout of the year so far.

SPAC Arbitrage

Business Combination

  1. GLLI: On January 31, 2024, Globalink Investment (GLLI) and Alps Life Science Inc. entered into a business combination.

Completed

  1. DMAQ: On January 31, 2024, Deep Medicine Acquisition Corp. (DMAQ) and TruGolf, Inc. (TRUGcompleted their business combination.

List of all pending Merger Arbitrage deals:

TargetAnnounced
Date
AcquirerDeal
Type
Closing
Value
Deal
Price
Last
Price
Target VolumeEstimated
Closing Date
ReturnAnnualized
Return
+SAVE7/28/22JetBlue Airways Corporation (JBLU)All Cash$7.6 B$31.00$6.311,288,7086/30/24392.06%980.16%
+BATL12/15/23Fury Resources, Inc. (N/A)All Cash$450 M$9.80$6.12214,3163/31/2460.13%399.05%
+MIXT10/10/23PowerFleet, Inc. (PWFL)All Stock$140 M$13.73$9.34119,8963/31/2447.04%312.21%
+GAN11/07/23Sega Sammy Creation Inc. (N/A)All Cash$85.73 M$1.97$1.53129,98012/31/2428.76%31.81%
+HA12/03/23Alaska Air Group, Inc. (ALK)All Cash$1.19 B$18.00$14.005562,1636/30/2528.53%20.38%
+ACI10/14/22The Kroger Co. (KR)Special Conditions$24.6 B$27.25$21.352,195,0843/31/2427.63%183.39%
+X12/18/23Nippon Steel (NISTF)All Cash$14.9 B$55.00$45.855,180,3269/30/2419.96%30.61%
+CPRI8/10/23Tapestry, Inc. (TPR)All Cash$8.5 B$57.00$47.571,273,6866/30/2419.82%49.56%
+ANSS1/16/24Synopsys (SNPS)Cash Plus Stock$35 B$387.47$335.15542,4066/30/2515.61%11.15%
+HMST1/16/24Firstsun Capital Bancorp. (FSUN)All Stock$277.15 M$15.32$13.275237,0146/30/2415.38%38.44%
+FFNW1/11/24Global Federal Credit Union (N/A)Special Conditions$231.2 M$23.18$20.89521,98912/31/2410.94%12.10%
+CNSL10/16/23Searchlight Capital Partners and British Columbia Investment Management Corporation (N/A)All Cash$3.1 B$4.70$4.341,345,5141/15/258.29%8.78%
+JNPR1/09/24Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE)All Cash$14.31 B$40.00$36.943,580,7353/31/258.28%7.20%
+CERE12/06/23AbbVie Inc. (ABBV)All Cash$8.7 B$45.00$41.81672,3016/30/247.63%19.07%
+HES10/23/23Chevron Corporation (CVX)All Stock$60 B$156.05$145.962,539,1426/30/246.91%17.28%
+IMGN11/30/23AbbVie Inc. (ABBV)All Cash$7.29 B$31.26$29.276,313,5256/30/246.80%17.00%
+AMED6/26/23UnitedHealth Group Incorporated (UNH)All Cash$3.8 B$101.00$94.7158,6753/31/246.65%44.15%
+NS1/22/24Sunoco LP (SUN)All Stock$7.3 B$24.10$22.641,115,7316/30/246.45%16.12%
+OLK10/17/23Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (TMO)All Cash$3.1 B$26.00$24.475602,8146/30/246.23%15.58%
+AEL7/05/23Brookfield Reinsurance (BNRE) (BAM)Cash Plus Stock$4.3 B$58.87$55.45476,9596/30/246.16%15.41%
+GTH10/11/23New Genetron Holding Limited and Genetron New Co Limited (N/A)All Cash$126.44 M$4.03$3.821,7863/31/246.05%40.17%
+ICLK11/24/23TSH Investment Holding Limited (N/A)All Cash-$12.92 M$4.08$3.8510,9063/31/245.97%39.65%
+NGMS5/14/23Aristocrat Leisure Limited (ALL.AX)All Cash$1.2 B$29.50$27.9316,9465/14/245.62%20.72%
+TGAN1/11/24Renesas Electronics Corporation (N/A)All Cash$311.67 M$5.10$4.83573,04412/31/245.59%6.18%
+CSTR10/26/23Old National Bancorp (ONB)All Stock$344.4 M$18.56$17.6686,9746/30/245.07%12.67%
+AXNX1/08/24Boston Scientific Corporation (BSX)All Cash$3.17 B$71.00$67.67698,8856/30/244.92%12.30%
+HOLI12/11/23Ascendent Capital Partners (N/A)All Cash$1.66 B$26.50$25.26405,6646/30/244.91%12.27%
+KRTX12/22/23Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMY)All Cash$12.7 B$330.00$314.88520,6756/30/244.80%12.00%
+EGLE12/11/23Star Bulk Carriers Corp. (SBLK)All Stock$947.77 M$56.42$54145,3436/30/244.48%11.20%
+PXD10/11/23Exxon Mobil Corporation (XOM)All Stock$64.5 B$236.92$227.471,898,8616/30/244.15%10.38%
+SOVO8/07/23Campbell Soup Company (CPB)All Cash$2.7 B$23.00$22.0851,016,3896/30/244.14%10.36%
+WRK9/12/23Smurfit Kappa (SMFTF)Cash Plus Stock$23.24 B$40.42$38.832,993,6676/30/244.09%10.24%
+SP10/05/23Metropolis Technologies, Inc. (N/A)All Cash$1.9 B$54.00$51.91357,11212/31/244.03%4.45%
+CCLP12/19/23Kodiak Gas Services (KGS)All Stock$854 M$1.97$1.9145,6296/30/243.92%9.81%
+SQNS8/07/23Renesas Electronics Corporation (N/A)All Cash$249 M$3.03$2.9258,7643/31/243.77%25.00%
+LBAI9/27/22Provident Financial Services, Inc. (PFS)All Stock$1.3 B$13.41$12.94238,1053/31/243.63%24.12%
+VIA1/02/24Retailco, LLC (N/A)All Cash$190 M$11.00$10.6217,1066/30/243.58%8.95%
+NWLI10/09/23Prosperity Life Group (N/A)All Cash$1.9 B$500.00$483.312,5666/30/243.46%8.64%
+HARP1/08/24Merck & Co., Inc. (MRK)All Cash$371.40 M$23.00$22.32762,7126/30/243.05%7.62%
+SWN1/11/24Chesapeake Energy Corporation (CHK)All Stock$7.4 B$6.64$6.4513,607,1646/30/242.95%7.38%
+CALB1/30/24Southern California Bancorp (BCAL)All Stock$100.21 M$25.44$24.7442,1669/30/242.83%4.34%
+SPLK9/21/23Cisco (CSCO)All Cash$28.45 B$157.00$153.361,662,7629/30/242.37%3.64%
+CVLY12/12/23Orrstown Financial Services, Inc. (ORRF)All Stock$207 M$23.55$23.0111,4369/30/242.33%3.57%
+KAMN1/19/24Arcline Investment Management (N/A)All Cash$1.8 B$46.00$45.03426,6026/30/242.15%5.39%
+TCN1/19/24Blackstone (BX)All Cash$3.5 B$11.25$11.029,814,0636/30/242.09%5.22%
+DOC10/30/23Healthpeak Properties, Inc. (PEAK)All Stock$4.63 B$12.34$12.13,517,1756/30/241.99%4.98%
+PGTI1/17/24MITER Brands (N/A)All Cash$3.1 B$42.00$41.22617,2276/30/241.89%4.73%
+DSKE12/22/23TFI International Inc. (TFII)All Cash$1.12 B$8.30$8.15338,2306/30/241.84%4.60%
+AMNB7/25/23Atlantic Union Bankshares Corporation (AUB)All Stock$416.8 M$46.14$45.3523,5683/31/241.75%11.60%
+CATC9/19/23Eastern Bankshares, Inc. (EBC)All Stock$528 M$68.94$67.9537,7133/31/241.45%9.65%
+SMMF8/25/23Burke & Herbert Financial Services Corp. (BHRB)All Stock$371.5 M$28.85$28.4519,2883/31/241.41%9.35%
+AYX12/18/23Clearlake Capital and Insight Partners (N/A)All Cash$4.4 B$48.25$47.6948,0216/30/241.37%3.41%
+LBC11/13/22Washington Federal, Inc. (WAFD)All Stock$654 M$9.51$9.3926,8792/29/241.27%19.29%
+FRLN11/22/23Syncona Ltd (N/A)All Cash-$9.91 M$6.50$6.425,7223/31/241.25%8.27%
+SNCE1/29/24eMed, LLC (N/A)All Cash-$33.40 M$5.75$5.6830,5553/31/241.23%8.18%
+TAST1/16/24Restaurant Brands International (QSR)All Cash$1 B$9.55$9.44348,6656/30/241.17%2.91%
+VERY10/03/23iA American Holdings, Inc. (N/A)All Cash$170 M$11.43$11.311,9386/30/241.06%2.65%
+FNCB9/27/23Peoples Financial Services Corp. (PFIS)All Stock$129 M$6.21$6.1439,3546/30/241.06%2.65%
+TARO1/17/24Sun Pharmaceutical Industries (N/A)All Cash$257.34 M$43.00$42.6821,2006/30/240.75%1.87%
+AMAM1/08/24Johnson & Johnson (JNJ)All Cash$1.33 B$28.00$27.7951,167,5036/30/240.74%1.84%
+TGH10/22/23Stonepeak (N/A)All Cash$7.4 B$50.00$49.65297,3023/31/240.70%4.68%
+CPE1/04/24APA Corporation (APA)All Stock$4.5 B$31.53$31.321,831,7276/30/240.66%1.64%
+RYZB12/26/23Bristol Myers Squibb (BMY)All Cash$3.6 B$62.50$62.14243,5966/30/240.58%1.45%
+ROVR11/29/23Blackstone (N/A)All Cash$2.3 B$11.00$10.945633,5393/31/240.50%3.33%
+MDC1/18/24Sekisui House, Ltd. (SKHSY)All Cash$4.83 B$63.00$62.743,476,4726/30/240.41%1.04%
+THRX12/22/23Concentra Biosciences (N/A)Special Conditions-$27.71 M$4.05$4.065187,6562/29/24-0.37%-5.61%
+CWBC10/11/23Central Valley Community Bancorp (CVCY)All Stock$99.4 M$14.49$14.6640,3696/30/24-1.17%-2.92%
+ICVX12/12/23AstraZeneca PLC (AZN)Special Conditions$435.14 M$15.00$15.25274,0443/31/24-1.64%-10.88%
+GRCL12/26/23AstraZeneca (AZN)Special Conditions$1 B$10.00$10.205342,2203/31/24-2.01%-13.33%
+FGH1/03/24FG Financial Group, Inc. (FGF)All Stock$38.87 M$1.45$1.484,0473/31/24-2.03%-13.45%
+EAR10/30/23Patient Square Capital (N/A)All Cash-$27.49 M$2.55$2.63510,1003/31/24-3.23%-21.41%
+RAIN12/13/23Pathos AI, Inc. (N/A)Special Conditions-$35.53 M$1.16$1.2100N/A1/31/24-4.13%301.65%
+MGRC1/29/24WillScot Mobile Mini Holdings (WSC)Special Conditions$3.8 B$123.00$129.28489,8616/30/24-4.86%-12.14%
+SIX11/02/23Cedar Fair, L.P. (FUN)All Stock$4.86 B$23.75$25.86635,7656/30/24-8.18%-20.44%
+INBX1/23/24Sanofi (SNY)Special Conditions$2.2 B$30.00$37.29251,2096/30/24-19.55%-48.87%

Disclaimer: I hold long positions in First Financial Northwest (FFNW), Cerevel Therapeutics (CERE), Capri (CPRI) and Genetron Holdings (GTH). Please do your own due diligence before buying or selling any securities mentioned in this article. We do not warrant the completeness or accuracy of the content or data provided in this article.